Good reproductive health dictates your good mood, energy, weight, and overall well-being. Our reproductive health is controlled by a vast network of hormones, including prolactin. While it is produced in both men and women, prolactin hormone is essential especially in women. In women, prolactin hormone plays a significant role in breast development, lactation (milk production) after childbirth, and in maintaining fertility. Hence, ensuring normal prolactin range in women is imperative.
Importance of Prolactin Hormone
Prolactin hormone is one of the chief hormones produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. This hormone has different functions in men and women. In women, prolactin controls breast development, milk production, menstrual cycles, and fertility. Whereas in men, prolactin controls sperm production, sex drive, and sexual performance.1
What Causes Prolactin Imbalance?
Prolactin levels can naturally rise during pregnancy and breastfeeding in women. Otherwise, it may also increase temporarily in response to pain and physical stress, emotional stress, PCOS, overexertion, high-protein meals, injury to the chest, sexual intercourse, nipple stimulation, and seizures. A clinical condition called prolactinoma (tumor in the pituitary gland) also leads to increased levels of prolactin in blood, and requires medication to balance it.
On the contrary, low level of prolactin is rare and may be noticed in case of reduced function of the pituitary gland. Low prolactin will result in low milk production after childbirth.
What Symptoms Indicate Prolactin Imbalance?
High levels of prolactin resulting from a prolactinoma can affect the function of other reproductive hormones. A serum prolactin test is recommended when the following symptoms are observed.
In both males and females, prolactinomas can cause:
- Infertility
- Weak bones
- Headaches
- Vision issues
- Loss of interest in sexual activity
In females, prolactinoma can cause:
- Irregular menstruation
- Milky discharge from the nipples
- Vaginal dryness
- Increased acne and facial hair growth
In males, prolactinoma can cause:
- Erectile dysfunction
- Smaller muscles
- Enlarged breasts
- Decreased body and facial hair
Evaluation of Prolactin Level
It is advised to get your serum prolactin level checked in either cases—prolactin excess, or prolactin deficiency. In females, the blood sample for the test is ideally collected during menstruation. Below table gives you the reference range of prolactin. These value ranges can vary slightly among different laboratories. Refer to the prolactin normal value range listed in your laboratory report.
| Patient category | Serum prolactin normal range |
| In men | 2 – 20 ng/mL |
| In women | 2 – 25 ng/mL |
| In women during pregnancy (3rd trimester) | 80 – 400 ng/mL |
Ways to Balance Prolactin Levels
Prolactinomas require timely medical help. In other minor cases, prolactin levels can be balanced by adopting certain natural strategies.
Practice relaxation techniques: Incorporate yoga, meditation, or mindfulness into your daily routine to reduce stress levels and hormonal imbalance.
Adopt a balanced diet: Include diets rich in zinc and vitamin B6, such as nuts, whole grains, seeds, bananas, spinach, and poultry, to keep prolactin levels in control.
Prioritise sleep: Ensure to get at least 7 hours of sleep a night, keeping your reproductive hormones in balance.
In Conclusion
It is important to regularly check your hormone levels, especially if you have difficulties with menstrual cycles, fertility, and other issues related to reproductive health. Like other hormones, maintaining prolactin within the normal range is crucial for overall reproductive wellness in both men and women. Hence, recognise early warning signs and opt for a serum prolactin test to avail timely diagnosis and treatment. Also, staying informed about its function, and maintaining a normal prolactin range can be a proactive step towards better life.
